There are many types of shingles for roofing.  Each type has it's own unique properties and benefits.  

Laminated - Strip shingles containing more than one layer of tabs to create extra thickness. Also called three-dimensional shingles.  Laminates are known for the following features:

Asphalt - Most commonly used type of shingle.  They are reinforced with fiberglass or paper.  Asphalt shingles usually have three sections or "tabs" per shingle and an overall length of 3'.  

Slate - Stone shingles that are highly durable (100+ years); but about 3 times heavier per square foot than asphalt.  Slate is a bit more difficult to work with and less forgiving than asphalt.  They break easily and require a special pressure cutter to cut.  However, a slate roof can create a colorful, hand-crafted look that adds to the overall appearance of a house.

Wood Shakes & Shingles - Shakes are typically made of cedar, spruce, or treated pine.  Hand-split shakes have a rough, textured look on the front and oftem smooth on the back.  Wood shingles are machine sawn smooth on both sides.  Generally, cedar is the highest performing wood for making shakes.  Shakes are brown or reddish in color when new, but usually fade in the first year to a gray color.  Like slate, wood shingles or shakes provide a hand-crafted look that adds the appearance of a house.